Willingness–to–give–bribe equation

Willingness–to–give–bribe equation. Equation–by–equation estimates

Institution
---
Parameter

Central
Goverment

Local
Goverment

Juridical
Institutions

Inspections

Police

Army

Educational
Establishm.

Medical
Establishm.

State TV

Privatization
Authorities

Banks

Constant

0.35

0.13

0.19

0.04

-0.01

0.26

0.17

0.20

-0.26

0.38

0.10

[.334]

[.646]

[.523]

[.914]

[.990]

[.353]

[.532]

[.484]

[.487]

[.203]

[.744]

Corruption

-0.17

0.22

0.19

0.30

0.21

0.33^a

0.31^c

0.21

-0.06

0.14

0.43^a

Perception 2

[.554]

[.273]

[.340]

[.294]

[.546]

[.006]

[.094]

[.303]

[.641]

[.369]

[.001]

Corruption

0.13

0.37^b

0.22

0.32

0.54^c

0.44^a

0.35^b

0.32^c

0.19^c

0.22

0.33^a

Perception 3

[.627]

[.021]

[.223]

[.204]

[.092]

[.000]

[.030]

[.074]

[.097]

[.127]

[.006]

Corruption

0.15

0.38^b

0.20

0.41^c

0.50

0.40^a

0.42^a

0.26

0.30^b

0.08

0.17

Perception 4

[.558]

[.017]

[.258]

[.099]

[.116]

[.001]

[.009]

[.135]

[.012]

[.595]

[.169]

Corruption

0.09

0.35^b

0.32^c

0.50^b

0.57^c

0.15

0.39^b

0.42^b

0.19^c

-0.01

0.02

Perception 5

[.723]

[.021]

[.071]

[.040]

[.068]

[.173]

[.014]

[.013]

[.095]

[.968]

[.869]

No fight 2 ¹

0.06

0.09

0.10

0.07

0.03

0.02

0.05

0.02

0.04

-0.05

[.447]

[.561]

[.276]

[.228]

[.390]

[.761]

[.756]

[.522]

[.860]

[.672]

[.568]

No fight 3

0.01

0.04

0.05

0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0.01

0.00

-0.07

[.919]

[.921]

[.581]

[.461]

[.657]

[.808]

[.885]

[.867]

[.897]

[.986]

[.375]

No fight 4

-0.04

-0.10

-0.02

-0.03

-0.04

-0.09

-0.08

-0.03

0.03

-0.05

-0.21

[.742]

[.442]

[.886]

[.827]

[.752]

[.473]

[.512]

[.771]

[.844]

[.693]

[.121]

No fight 5

0.01

0.02

0.08

0.07

-0.06

0.03

-0.07

-0.09

-0.11

-0.18

-0.19

[.952]

[.913]

[.639]

[.662]

[.693]

[.877]

[.676]

[.576]

[.574]

[.325]

[.306]

Town size 2

-0.06

-0.07

-0.06

-0.15

-0.08

0.01

-0.03

-0.05

[.573]

[.568]

[.522]

[.476]

[.540]

[.175]

[.410]

[.418]

[.937]

[.799]

[.686]

Town size 3

-0.04

0.00

-0.04

-0.03

-0.01

0.02

-0.03

0.11

0.01

0.12

[.694]

[.984]

[.992]

[.651]

[.771]

[.932]

[.786]

[.699]

[.347]

[.924]

[.249]

Town size 4

0.14

0.20^b

0.15^c

0.19^b

0.14^c

0.21^b

0.14^c

0.15^c

0.34^a

0.25^a

0.22^b

[.110]

[.016]

[.096]

[.031]

[.092]

[.022]

[.087]

[.071]

[.001]

[.008]

[.026]

Town size 5

-0.01

-0.02

-0.08

0.02

-0.01

0.05

0.03

0.01

[.872]

[.941]

[.791]

[.802]

[.839]

[.375]

[.785]

[.931]

[.647]

[.713]

[.877]

Peasant

0.57^b

0.52^b

0.60^b

0.40

0.58^b

0.52^b

0.47^c

0.65^b

0.53^c

0.43

[.030]

[.023]

[.049]

[.019]

[.105]

[.032]

[.031]

[.051]

[.033]

[.052]

[.147]

Worker

0.18

0.22

0.14

0.20

0.13

0.24

0.14

0.15

0.16

0.15

0.14

[.392]

[.274]

[.515]

[.332]

[.506]

[.281]

[.472]

[.456]

[.506]

[.488]

[.570]

Clerk

0.25

0.20

0.26

0.19

0.35

0.21

0.31

0.20

0.31

[.259]

[.213]

[.351]

[.214]

[.346]

[.126]

[.288]

[.293]

[.212]

[.381]

[.214]

Specialist

0.27

0.26

0.25

0.16

0.33

0.21

0.20

0.32

0.18

0.28

[.218]

[.198]

[.263]

[.240]

[.424]

[.155]

[.304]

[.315]

[.201]

[.435]

[.269]

Businessman

0.61^b

0.62^a

0.61^b

0.59^b

0.53^b

0.62^b

0.53^b

0.55^b

0.64^b

0.62^b

0.68^b

[.014]

[.006]

[.013]

[.014]

[.022]

[.018]

[.021]

[.018]

[.024]

[.019]

[.017]

Retired

0.41^c

0.38^c

0.30

0.38^c

0.25

0.49^b

0.37^c

0.32

0.35

0.27

0.29

[.070]

[.074]

[.188]

[.084]

[.248]

[.043]

[.078]

[.127]

[.176]

[.255]

[.264]

Student

0.21

0.24

0.23

0.21

0.18

0.19

0.13

0.16

0.22

0.23

0.24

[.375]

[.275]

[.325]

[.350]

[.423]

[.426]

[.537]

[.459]

[.396]

[.355]

[.351]

Homemaker

0.31

0.40^c

0.29

0.39^c

0.22

0.47^c

0.27

0.21

0.20

0.32

0.41

[.168]

[.060]

[.213]

[.080]

[.307]

[.050]

[.201]

[.330]

[.456]

[.190]

[.114]

Unemployed

0.37^c

0.34^c

0.36

0.35^c

0.29

0.39^c

0.33

0.29

0.39

0.28

[.086]

[.095]

[.104]

[.099]

[.164]

[.088]

[.105]

[.152]

[.109]

[.222]

[.255]

Age

-0.01^b

-0.01^c

-0.01^b

-0.01^c

-0.01^b

0.00

[.025]

[.018]

[.028]

[.048]

[.074]

[.014]

[.056]

[.022]

[.025]

[.224]

[.195]

Gender

-0.06

-0.08

-0.06

-0.05

-0.07

-0.14

-0.02

-0.04

-0.07

-0.09

-0.07

[.448]

[.282]

[.316]

[.450]

[.277]

[.114]

[.798]

[.501]

[.328]

[.181]

[.312]

Correction

-0.26

-0.35

-0.37

-0.10

-0.31

-0.38

0.03

-0.28

-0.86^b

-0.13

-0.36

variable

[.492]

[.321]

[.277]

[.715]

[.301]

[.368]

[.937]

[.434]

[.028]

[.635]

[.243]

P-values are in parenthesis. ^a – significant on 1% level, ^b– significant on 5% level, ^c – significant on 10% level

¹No fight is the perceived unwillingness of the government to fight corruption.